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Heritability of defects of far vision in young adults — a twin study

Teikari Jaakko M., From the University of Helsinki, Department of Ophthalmology, Address for offprints: Dr Jaakko Teikari, M.D. University of Helsinki Dept. of Public Health Hartmaninkalu 3 SF-00290 Helsinki Finland

Kaprio Jaakko

Kaprio Jaakko, From the University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health, Helsinki, Finland

Koskenvuo Markku

Koskenvuo Markku, From the University of Helsinki, University of Turku, Department of Public Health, Turku, Finland

O'Donnell James

O'Donnell James, From the University of Helsinki, University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine Department of Ophthalmology, San Francisco, California

Heritability of defects of far vision in young adults — a twin study. J. Teikari, J. Kaprio, M. Koskenvuo and J. O'Donnel (University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health, Hartmaninkatu 3, SF-00290 Helsinki, Finland).

A questionnaire to study defects in far vision in the Finnish Twin Cohort Study was sent to 600 twin pairs of 30 and 31 years of age divided equally by gender and zygosity. An excess in female prevalence of defects in far vision was observed (p < 0.001). Validation of the questionnaire method to assess negative spherical equivalent of refraction was performed by asking the twins to send their last prescription for glasses. Accuracy of the questionnaire method to detect a defect in far vision was tested using a subsample of cases where actual refraction obtained from the prescription for glasses was available. This actual refraction value was compared with the individuals answers to the questions of far vision. Of the subjects 5.5% were false negatives and 1.8% of the individuals were false positives. In 152 pairs one or both twins had a defect in far vision. Under a threshold liability model, the proportion of total (phenotypic) variance in liability attributable to additive genetic effects was 0.91 in this twin data, while no evidence for effects due to dominance was found.

Key Words: glasses • heritability • myopia • twins

Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, Vol. 20, No. 2, 73-78 (1992)
DOI: 10.1177/140349489202000202


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