This Article Full Text (PDF) References Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Citing Articles via Scopus Google Scholar Articles by Roos, E. Articles by Elstad, J.-I. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Roos, E. Articles by Elstad, J.-I. Social Bookmarking                         What's this?

The association of employment status and family status with health among women and men in four Nordic countries

Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland, eva.roos{at}helsinki.fi, CHESS, Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Sweden, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland

E. Lahelma

Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland

P. Saastamoinen

Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland

J.-I. Elstad

NOVA Norwegian Social Research, Oslo, Norway

Aims: The Nordic countries have relatively equal employment participation between men and women, but some differences between countries exist in labour market participation. The aim was to examine the association between employment status and health among women and men in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden, and analyse whether this association is modified by marital status and parental status. Methods: The data come from nationally representative cross-sectional surveys carried out in Denmark (n=2,209), Finland (n=4,604), Norway (n=1,844) and Sweden (n=5,360) in 1994—95. Women and men aged 25—49 were included. Employment status was categorized into full-time employed, part-time employed, unemployed, and housewives among women and into employed and unemployed among men. Health was measured by perceived health and limiting longstanding illness. Logistic regression analysis was used, adjusting for age and education. Marital status and parental status were analysed as modifying factors. Results: The non-employed were more likely to report perceived health as below good and limiting longstanding illness than the employed among both women and men. The association between employment status and perceived health remained unchanged when marital status and parental status were adjusted for among all men and Finnish women, but the association was slightly strengthened among Danish and Swedish women, with the housewives becoming more likely to report ill health than employed women. The association between employment status and limiting longstanding illness was slightly strengthened among women, and slightly weakened among Norwegian men when marital and parental status were adjusted for. Conclusions: Non-employment was associated with poorer health in all countries, although there are differences in the employment patterns between the countries. Among women marital status and parental status showed a modest or no influence on the association between employment status and health. Among men there was no such influence.

Key Words: Employment status • marital status • parental status • gender • health • Denmark • Finland • Norway • Sweden

Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, Vol. 33, No. 4, 250-260 (2005)
DOI: 10.1080/14034940510005680


CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				N Cable, A Sacker, and M Bartley The effect of employment on psychological health in mid-adulthood: findings from the 1970 British Cohort Study J Epidemiol Community Health, May 1, 2008; 62(5): e10 - e10. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]